Organizational politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organizational politics - Essay Example Human temperament or characteristics are indeed the prime cause of all politics in any setup but there are certain core environmental factors for all human behavior and it would be mandatory to study and understand them in an effort to understand the reasons for organizational politics. This is also necessary given the central role that politics plays in any work environment. In this presentation it has suggested that power plays a critical role in the politics of an organization (McShane and Travaglione). At all levels the distribution of power is vital to the running of a company. While the types of power vested in a person or group is important in itself, the impact that this power has on the employees is our prime concern here. Power provides a person with the authority to allocate a resource (which is important if resources are scarce), to punish or reward people and to judge their performances. This in turn causes people to attempt build a better picture of themselves in the eyes of the people in whom power is vested. This can be done either by maligning coworkers or by creating circumstances where coworkers promote your image. The dynamics of interpersonal relationships between co workers and also the relationship of managers and team members comes into force in such cases. Ambition and drive which are subjective characters also come into play here. While such reasons present a dark image of ... In recent years in particular, there has been much effort to chanelize the power of politics and turn it into a useful tool for the running of organizations and this indeed is the way to go! Manuscript Explore the main reasons for political behavior in organizations "32% of managers believe it simply isn't possible to use office politics constructively because human nature is so appallingly selfish that people will always guard their turf and abuse their role power" Park, 2002 This quote accurately summarizes the main reasons for political behaviour in organizations. Human temperament or characteristics are indeed the prime cause of all politics in any setup! But then what is it that we call politics in organizations Politics in Organisations The use of power and influence for personal gains within an organizational set up is by far the bets definition of politics. It is distinctly different from nation-state politics in involving more interpersonal relationships (Provis 2002) and involves interplay of ethics morality and personal interest. It is also now increasingly being recognized as inevitable in organizations. The prime cause of politics is the distribution of power in an organization. A widely accepted model for the bases of power in an organization has been described by Foucault, (1980). He refers to several plausible sources of origin of and refers to them as Reward power, coercive Power, legitimate power, expert power. All these manifestations of power are found in any organization and while there is an ongoing debate on which power base is the best in terms of outcome, a functional consequence of any of them is know to be organizational politics. It is interesting to study the correlates of power and politics! Some primary and

Debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate - Research Paper Example This amounts to a gross violation of the established Military Rules of engagement, UN conventions and the International Criminal Law. In that context it will be really practical to back such claims with available and authentic statistics. As per the statistics provided by B’Tselem, the Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories, an organization, which is very careful and meticulous about the violation of human rights in the occupied territories, since September, 2000, Israeli security forces have killed almost 1,463 Palestinian children in the occupied territories (Online). A large proportion of these children were killed by the Israelis while pursuing normal day to day activities like while playing, going to school, being at home, etc. (B’Tselem: Online). Also, more than fifty percent of these Palestinian children got killed as a direct result of the Israeli air and ground offensives and owing to indiscriminate firing by the Israeli forces. Also as per B’Tselem, in the same time period, Israeli forces deployed in the occupied territories killed almost 6379 Palestinians, of which 6359 Palestinians were killed on their own land (Online). Most of these victims were no way directly engaged in conflict with the Israeli forces and were unarmed.

Financial Ratio Analysis for HSBC

Financial Ratio Analysis for HSBC HSBC is the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, established by Thomas Sutherland, in 1865. HSBC is one of the leading banking group on the financial market in the world today. In 2000, it ranked fifth largest global company in the world. HSBCs headquarters is located on the HSBC tower, Canary Wharf, London. HSBC bank is a wholly owned subsidiary of HSBC Holding plc. The shares of HSBC bank are not publicly-traded, but those of HSBC Holdings plc are traded on the London, New York, Hong Kong, Paris and Bermuda stock exchanges. The HSBC Corporation has been expanding rapidly with merger and acquiescing and it ranked second with assets for worlds wealthy company. HSBC has $1.861 trillion in assets as compared to Citigroup, which has $1.884 trillion, 31 Dec 2006. Nearly 22% of HSBCs earnings are derived from Hong Kong, which is one of its major operational bases. HSBC has grown into one of the largest global financial institutions with 9,500 offices in 79 countries and identity of HSBC brand have been well recognizing in the worldwide since it established. Known as the worlds local bank, HSBC has a history of helping millions of customers for their financial needs. FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS Financial ratios for HSBC (2005-2009), for the industry of Foreign Money Center Banks are provided below. Industry 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2009 Net profit margin(%) 9.0 6.1 20.6 20.7 25.1 11.9 Return on Equity(%) 4.5 6.1 14.9 14.6 16.1 12.6 Return on Assets(%) 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8 1.1 7.9 Debt to equity 1.38:1 2.23:1 2.12:1 2.33:1 2.90:1 3.68:1 Current Ratio(2:1) 1.05 1.03 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.40 Interest Coverage(times) 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.2 Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios are show effectiveness of the business with generating profit. This ratio is popular that assessing a business to assess the amount of wealth generating for the amount of wealth invested. In 2009, HSBCs net profit margin ratio (9.0) is dramatically lower than year 2005. In 2005 net profit margin ratio is the highest (25.1) in other years. The lowest net profit margin ratio appeared as a 6.1 in 2008 and that had brought by global economic recession. There is slightly lower ratio (9.0) on net profit margin compare to its industry (1.9) in 2009. The higher net profit margin explains HSBC has good financial performance and cost of sales lower than other years in 2005. Liquidity Ratio HSBCs liquidity ratios are almost remained the same, between 2005 and 2009. Although, HSBC is slightly less liquided than the average firm in the industry, with both a current ratio and a quick ratio that is lower than the industry average. If a both ratios are lower than its norm (current ratio2:1, quick ratio1:1), it could be face liquidity problem. Capital Gearing Ratios Capital gearing is concerned with the relative sizes of the funds provided by share-holders, on the other hand by loan creditors. HSBCs Debt/equity ratio has dropped from (2.90) in 2005 to (1.38) in 2009. The lowest figure (1.38) occurred in 2009 on debt to equity and its dramatically lower than its industry (3.68). Debt to equity ratio indicated that HSBC is less leveraged than other firms in industry. This lower leverage shows HSBC has good financial performance in its industry. Management efficiency 2010 (1st quarter) HSBC Barclays Industry SP(500) Income/employee 22,226 36,763 66,753 99,430 Revenue/employee 238,067 303,095 396,097 896,721 Net profit margin 14.0 11.6 11.9 HSBC has net profit margin higher than other firms in industry and SP(500). But if we look at productivity of HSBC, and compare to Barclays, its industry and SP(500), its dramatically lower than any other those. Which means productivity is poor and $14,537 ($36,763-$22,226) lower than Barclays productivity of per employee. Therefore, there is a conflict between practice and theory of (productivity and net profit margin). According to theory productivity should be high if net profit margin high, in that case they are not. Perhaps HSBC need to consider about poor fixed and indirect cost. Conclusion We need to consider about market efficiency (which form of efficient market hypothesis). Seems to me, the efficient market hypothesis is involved in semi-strong form, which means we able to use all available public information including firms data (annual reports, income statement, exchange commission etc.), competitors financial situation, macro economic factors etc. . .Before we invest 250,000 pound to buy some share of HSBC. HSBC has strong balance sheet, income statement is perfect except some losses between mid 2008 and early 2009 and price earning per share higher than its main competitors of Barclays, SP500, and its industry. The management efficiency little bit poor but the management performance getting strong and they making their share price uptrend dramatically since the economic recession (in 2008). HSBCs net profit margin was 9.1% in 2009, now it is increased at 14% in 1st quarter of 2010. Which means the management performance is strong and marketing is effective in the market place. The history of share price chart is illustrated the share price increased slightly from at the price of 81.00 GDP in September 2005 till at price of 90.00 GDP in December 2007 and it is peaked up at 100.00 GDP in January 2008. January effect is very strong in HSBCs share price. The share price huge difference between End of December and January of every new a year and since 2005, the investors were making profit (3.00 GDP to 5.00 GDP) on per share in 3 weeks. I would like to recommend that we need to make an investment on HSBCs share with 250,000 GDP before January effect (end of December most of the stock holders want to sell their stocks, because of tax issue). The strategy of stock investment is buy-and-hold. That would be good investment for buying HSBCs shares.

Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Zora Neale Hurston Literature Novels Essays

Their Eyes Were Watching God While reading Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God, I was struck with the similarity of the attitude towards life which she shared with the leader of the French surrealist group, Andrà © Breton. Like Breton, Hurston's central value was the "marvelous," especially as it can be seen in the world of love. Breton defined the "marvelous" in contrast to the fantastic. "Le merveilleux, nul n'est mieux parvenu à   le dà ©finir par opposition au `fantastique' qui tend, hà ©las, de plus en plus à   le supplanter auprà ¨s de nos contemporains. C'est que le fantastique est presque toujours de l'ordre de la fiction sans consà ©quence, alors que le merveilleux luit à   l'extrà ªme pointe du mouvement vital et engage l'affectività © tout entià ¨re" (Preface 16). [The marvelous, there is no better way to define it than by opposition to the `fantastic,' which, alas, is increasingly tending to supplant it in the eyes of our contemporaries. The fantastic is almost always of the order of a fiction without consequence, whereas the marvelous shines at that extreme point of the spirit's ability of movement and entirely engages the emotions.] Hurston's famous work certainly achieves this definition of the "marvelous," but could we therefore say that she was a surrealist? She doesn't mention the French surrealists in her works, and yet, I think we can see her "contemporaneity" with the surrealist movement not only in terms of the times in which she lived, but also the concerns she dealt with, if we borrow yet another definition, this time from the American critic Kenneth Burke. "For instance, if modern New York is much like decadent Rome, then we are `contemporaneous' with decadent Rome, or with some corresponding decadent city among the Mayas, etc. It is in this sense that situations are `timeless,' `nonhistorical,' `contemporaneous'" (301302). Hurston, like the surrealists, shared an interest in "mad love" over other more materialistic values, and she found he r interests incarnated in the island of Haiti, and its cult of Erzulie, the goddess of divine love. Andrà © Breton visited the island of Haiti, and was extremely interested in the poets and writers he encountered there, praising the Haitian poet Magloire St. Aude, for example, as the only contemporary who could equal the intensity of the recently deceased Apollinaire, Nerval, and Stephane Mallarmà © ("Magloire St. Aude" 171). The Haitian goddess of love, Erzulie, could be, in turn, considered a sister of the beautiful goddess that "Nadja" represented in Breton's most important work, and Hurston's Their Eyes could be seen as one of the few books which can match the intensity of Nadja.

Bicycle Braking Systems

Bicycle Braking Systems Year 11 Engineering Studies Merewether High School Nathan Dunshea 29/06/2012 Abstract: In this report a comparison of three Braking systems; Calliper, Drum and Disc will be made on a variety of areas including – * * Effectiveness * Performance * Features * Materials * Frictional Components * Difference from comparable car systems An Orthogonal and Pictorial drawing will also be provided on a selected section of one of the braking systems being compared. Introduction: Bicycle Braking systems are a means of which we are able to halt the movement of a bicycle through the expulsion of kinetic energy.The Kinetic potential energy that is present in a moving bicycle is converted in to 3 different forms of energy; heat, sound and light. This is done through the resistance of a wheel to move when a brake applies a frictional force against the spinning movement of a wheel. Three different types of brakes are generally used on bicycles today; the Calliper, Drum an d Disk systems. These three popular braking systems have their own unique set of advantages and disadvantages that persuade the population to purchase them. 2: Calliper Brake Diagram : Calliper Brake Diagram 3: Disc Brake Diagram 3: Disc Brake Diagram 4: Drum Brake Diagram 4: Drum Brake Diagram Procedure: I used the Internet to research pictures, articles and suppliers of Braking systems in order to access the appropriate information needed for this report. Results: Effectiveness, Performance, Features Comparison Effectiveness: 10: Cross-Section of a bicycle drum brake 10: Cross-Section of a bicycle drum brake The effectiveness of these Braking systems will be a measure of their ability to perform over a period of time.It is necessary for these brakes not to only perform well once, but over many instances, including moments of hard excessive braking. In today’s modern bicycle, many things will affect the braking systems ability to be effective. The weather, wear and tear over many uses, as well as the type of braking taking place can all have adverse effects on brakes. Drum brakes are not the most popular style of brake for a bicycle. This could be accredited to their effectiveness over time compared to both calliper brakes and disc brakes. Drum Brakes are typically very heavy, complicated to perform maintenance on and are often subject to brake fading.Break fading can be defined as the loss of braking force able to be exerted by the braking system at any point, and this often happens due to overheating as a result of consistent hard braking. Drum brakes are unable to dissipate heat anywhere near as efficiently as disc brakes as the frictional forces that turn kinetic energy into heat are all enclosed within the drum itself, which is often housed at the hub of the wheel. In fact, many companies have been forced to put warning labels on their hubs to make sure children aren’t unaware of the heat generated, and subsequently burn themselves.This mak es them particularly susceptible to brake fading, something that both disk and calliper brakes don’t have a great problem with. In adverse weather conditions, the drum brake can show of its unique asset both the disc and calliper brake does not have. The Drum brake is fully enclosed, and therefore is not affected by rain, mud and other substances that may impede the frictional force exerted on the wheel. 12: Disc brake to be fitted to a Mountain Bike 12: Disc brake to be fitted to a Mountain Bike Disc Brakes are very popular on Mountain Bikes, which require thick wheels and are often subject to muddy terrain.Because the disc brake is mounted to the hub, a certain clearance from the ground is maintained at all times, generally keeping mud from obstructing the pads and disc. If water is to get stuck under a disc brake’s pad, there are generally holes through which it can quickly escape so to not compromise the friction produced in the system. Touring bikes have been know n to prefer disc brakes to types of calliper brakes, as the long journeys and significant use of brakes would not wear out the rim as they do using a calliper brakes system.The typical Disc Brake system is a very adaptable structure as it can perform better than Calliper Brakes in the mud, rain and snow as the coefficient of friction isn’t as at risk of contaminants disturbing the system. Disc brakes are also less prone to brake fading when subject to long periods of braking pressure, as they are very good at cooling down compared to drum and calliper brakes. A disk brake is also less likely to cause a popped tyre, with the heat not being dissipated directly into the tyre as in calliper brakes. 14: Shimano Bicycle Caliper Brake 14: Shimano Bicycle Caliper BrakeCalliper Brakes are generally the most common of the braking system for the everyday bicycle. Excluding the original design quality of the equipment and materials, calliper brakes are often affected mostly by the moistu re that is on the rim, as that will significantly hinder the ability to stop. Tyre thickness can also pose a problem to the calliper braking system, as the arms will be under greater flexion, thus lessening brake effectiveness. However, the Calliper brake system is effective on the average road bike and is the simplest and easiest to perform maintenance on of all three designs.This system also has a very big ‘mechanical advantage’, meaning very little effort has to be put in by the rider in order to properly apply the brakes. Calliper brakes are also by far the lightest and least expensive, making them popular among non-competitive riders, with most road bikes still come fitted with this system. Performance: The performance of a braking system is based on the raw stopping power and ability for one single use. This comparison will be based purely on stopping power and performance, disregarding things such as; * Weight of system * Weather/Terrain Brake Fading * Heat Dissi pation The Disc Brake is said to have the greatest stopping power, and therefore provides least stopping distance, of all three systems. This means they are often fitted to competitive riders bikes, because they are often going a higher speed and therefore need the greater stopping power that the disc brake provides compared to that of the drum and calliper braking system. In a report By Guy Kesteven for UK organisation ‘What Mountain Bike’, a variety of disc brakes were tested from many different manufacturers to test the power of each system.The test was performed as follows: â€Å"All the brakes were tested with a 180mm rotor and a 50Nm force on the lever (1N is the amount of force required to accelerate 1kg at 1m/s2), with the stock pads. To fully bed in the rotors and pads, the brakes were given 60 one-second pulls at 15km/h, followed by 30 two-second pulls at 20km/h. After a 30-second cooling-down period, the testing began. With the wheel spinning at 30km/h, each brake was applied for three seconds and then left to recover for 10 seconds. This cycle was repeated 15 times. The results were then averaged out to provide a single power rating. – Guy Kesteven; What Mountain Bike. After the test had been completed, the Formula R0 disc braking system had the greatest power of all 33 parts tested. It was found to have a power of 124 Nm when stopping, which is equal to 12. 645 kilogram-force meters. Calliper Brakes have one of the best designs in terms of their Mechanical Advantage. Very little effort has to be put in by the user to have the brakes perform as well as possible. Disc Brakes have an overall stopping power advantage over the general calliper brake, however some versions of the calliper brake have a greater stopping power than the drum brake design.With the huge variety of designs in the field of Calliper Brakes, stopping power can range from quite poor to very high. An example of this stopping power is the test carried out by Mat t Pacocha in the June 2009 edition of Velonews. A group of Bicycle Calliper brakes were to be tested to measure their stopping power: â€Å"This test was performed on a flat, windless road. For each brake, the rider accelerated to 40km/hr then grabbed the brakes — hard — on a pre-determined mark and recorded stopping distance.This test was performed 10 times for each brake, and the stopping distances were averaged. † – Matt Pacocha; Velonews. At the end of the test, the Shimano 7900 dual pivot calliper brake was found to have the greatest braking force, with the shortest stopping distance of 7. 18 metres. It was also found that the average deceleration of the bicycle was 8. 59 m/s2, whilst the greatest deceleration was recorded at 10. 35 m/s2 (Over 1 G-force). Drum Brakes are less powerful than the disc brake, and therefore have a greater stopping distance in normal, controlled conditions.Compared to Calliper brakes it is not clear-cut which has a better stopping distance, as there are many different versions of each type of brake to choose from. However, it is said that the modern drum brake is able to provide a much smoother, more reliable deceleration than the majority of calliper brake systems. Features: Each of these braking systems have their own features which help to enhance the ability to stop the movement of a bicycle. Whilst some of these advantages are purely performance based, others may have features that are cost-effective or maintenance friendly.One of the most important features in the success of the disc brake is its ability to dissipate the heat generated from the frictional forces. Disc brakes are out in the open air with a large surface area, meaning the cooling process happens more quickly and efficiently. Another important, yet perhaps underestimated feature of the disc brake is it’s positioning. Disc brakes are well away from the tyres and ground, thus creating distance between the braking system and m ud, dirt and other potential environmental interferences.Drum brakes however, are certainly the best in resisting those environmental factors. As the braking mechanism itself is housed within a shell of sorts, no amount of weather can have an adverse effect on the ability of the drum brake to perform its task. Once installed, drum brake system is also very low maintenance, and often doesn’t have to be managed again until a new wheel is needed. Despite this, Drum Brakes can be a hassle if maintenance must occur, as they can be difficult to access because of the shell it is housed in. Calliper Brakes are generally the cheapest of the three designs available.As they are often mounted to the bicycle at one single point, accessing the brake pads and cables is made much easier than the other systems. Another feature that is useful on the majority of road bikes with calliper brake systems is the quick release mechanism. This feature is designed as to loosen the brake system enough s o the wheel can be removed without having to mess around with loosening brake cables as well. Materials used for construction and frictional components Brake Pads are perhaps the most important part of both the Disc and Calliper braking systems.The brake pad is generally made from a product that possesses a moderately high coefficient of friction, but also depends on the materials ability to absorb and dissipate the heat produced in the process of braking. If these criteria can be met without having a negative impact on overall braking performance, an appropriate material has been found. In years gone by, an asbestos based compound was the most common material from which brake pads would be made, however because of the toxic nature of asbestos that practise no longer allowed. The modern bicycle Brake Pad is enerally made from rubber compound. The rims on bicycles directly affect the performance of the Calliper braking Systems. Some bike rims today are made from an aluminium alloy, w hich provide a coefficient of friction when in contact with the rubber composite of the brake pads of approximately 0. 4. Other materials, such as various Carbon steels, have recently become more popular as they are light and aerodynamic. However, they do not provide a very good frictional force between the everyday brake pad, and so other materials are often preferred by the everyday cyclist.Calliper brake systems also have brake cables that transfer the motion actuated by the rider from the brake lever to the braking system itself. These brake cables are made from thin wire steel that has been braided together to improve its tensile strength and ability to perform. The Disc in the Disk brake system is an integral part of the bicycles stopping power. The Brake pad (rubber composite) must have a high enough coefficient of friction when applied to the disc to halt movement with damaging the surface.To provide this, the disc is made from metal, with stainless steel being popular among mountain bikes. A brake drum has an outer shell in which the braking system itself is contained. This outer shell is subject to weathering from the outside and heat from within. With this in mid, cast-iron is generally the material chosen as it can cope with these two burdens other materials could falter under. The shoes of the Drum brake are the parts that push outwards to produce the frictional forces needed in the brake design.These brake shoes are generally made when two pieces of sheet steel are welded together. After they are welded together, the frictional material known as brake lining is connected on to the sheet steel with either adhesive resin or other means such as a rivet. It is also important to remember that the rubber composite of bicycle tyres also has frictional forces acting from the material it is rolling on. For instance, if a cyclist was riding along a concrete surface, the coefficient of friction would be 0. 8, much higher than that of rubber or brake lining to metal (0. ). Thankfully, the relatively light weight of the human body – compared to the force exerted by our mechanical braking systems – allows us to still move along these surfaces. (FF = ? RN) How they differ from comparable car systems On most bicycles, the braking systems installed will often be very simplistic and just there to do the job. Most will have the same type of brake on both front and back wheel, with the braking of the bike mostly relying on human action with levers and cables, as well as the mechanical advantage some of these designs provide.However, when upgrading these systems to work on a much heavier vehicle such as a car, many things can change. It is not uncommon to have different types of brakes on the front and back set of wheels, and hydraulics become a very important part of stopping your car. In today’s modern designs, at least one set Disk Brakes are fitted to almost every car on the road. Disk Brakes are the most effective type of braking system that we could fit to our cars, however, it is still common for the front brakes to be disk, but the rear to be drum brakes.Drum brakes can be used as the parking brake, and by fitting them to the rear of the car, companies can save money by not having to install another braking system. The Disc Brake in a car is obviously in a much larger scale than that of a bicycle. Despite this, the two systems are very similar in the basic design concept. Strength of this part however, must be much greater when installed in an Automobile. Winnard & Sons Ltd, a company based in the UK that deals with commercial vehicle braking components, has a guideline to the tensile strength on the brake contact surfaces of their products. Guideline tensile strength on test pieces machined from brake drum/disc contact faces: – 241 N/mm2 European Requirement minimum – 35,000 psi Amercian Requirement minimum† – Winnard & Sons Ltd: Brake Disc and Brake Drum Material S pecification The materials used in the brake pads of both the disk and calliper brakes are different when they are made for cars. When halting the momentum of a car, the brake pad is put under a much greater force than when stopping a bicycle. This is due to a number of things, including the speed at which the car is travelling and the mass of the vehicle, both of which are generally higher in cars.The metals used are usually steel, copper or brass fibres, as well as a mixture of many different composites including – graphite, iron oxide, glass fibres, phosphate and rubber – that are bonded together with a resin of phenol formaldehyde. The metals that are added help to increase life span by improving the ability of the compound to dissipate heat at high speeds. The complexity of all three designs is greatly heightened when moving from bicycle to motor vehicle. One aspect of Motor Vehicle braking that creates extra pressure is the hydraulic action of the brakes.Hydrauli cs rely on brake fluid, typically containing ethylene glycol, to transfer pressure from the controlling unit to the brake mechanism. In a motor vehicle, drum brakes often serve a specific purpose that they would be useless for when installed on a bicycle – the park brake. As I stated earlier, these Drum brakes are fitted to the rear wheels and can save companies significant amounts of money by not having to install a completely separate parking brake. As this asset of an emergency brake is vital to a larger system, not only are they more common in cars, but they must also be bigger and exert a greater force.These three types of braking systems hold the same principles when applied to a greater size vehicle in a motor car, however many things must change to accommodate these increased forces. Conclusion: Each of these three braking systems are often used by a specific type of bicycle with a specific need. An example of this is Disc brakes being preferred by those who ride eith er Mountain or Touring bikes. As shown by the two field tests referenced in this report, completed by Velonews and What Mountain Bike, both Calliper brakes and disc brakes both have a very big potential to have immense stopping power.But to have that stopping power, the proper materials with appropriate frictional forces would have had to been in place. At the absolute top of the line models, every little detail is considered, i. e. : * * Weight * Frictional Forces * Materials * Angle * Type of System It was also discovered that as we transition from bicycle to car braking systems, many things must be altered. Although the basic engineering principles are often the same, there are many variables that are altered to improve to braking systems to cope with the extra forces exerted by a motor vehicle.For example, the change in materials of brake pads to accommodate the much more intense levels of heat being produced when heavy braking is taking place. I believe this report reveals that the braking system you own can make a big difference on effectiveness and performance. The features, materials used and frictional forces in play can all be positive or negative depending on the type of riding taking place. Recommendations: I recommend selecting one of these three types of braking systems based on what their use in the long run will be.If you plan to use the bike for competitive purposes when increased stopping power is necessary, I would suggest purchasing a Disc brake system. However, if the bike is simply for leisure, perhaps the more cost effective Calliper Brake system would better suit. If you are planning to ride in muddy areas where the possibility of substances interfering with the frictional forces throughout the braking system, the fully enclosed drum brake system could be the appropriate option. However, if you wish to simply have the greatest overall stopping power, I would recommend a Disk Brake system be installed. The most mportant thing to remember is that every situation is unique, and to do research in order to attain the correct brake for your needs. Bibliography: * http://www. edmunds. com/car-technology/brakes-drum-vs-disc. html * http://www. bikewebsite. com/bicycle-bra. htm * http://www. jaxquickfit. com. au/brakes * http://www. exploratorium. edu/cycling/brakes2. html * http://bikeadvice. in/drum-brakes/ * http://www. sheldonbrown. com/gloss_dr-z. html#drum * http://www. livestrong. com/article/340500-adjust-bicycles-drum-brakes/ * http://www. skyshop. com. au/LANDING. pdf * http://www. razyguyonabike. com/doc/page/? page_id=8174 * http://sheldonbrown. com/calipers. html * http://www. bicyclestore. com. au/parts/brakes/calliper-brakes. html * http://www. 123helpme. com/view. asp? id=57299 * http://www. bike-riding-guide. com/bicycle-brakes. html * http://eecycleworks. com/VNJune%20BrakeTest. pdf * http://auto. howstuffworks. com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-parts/brake-calipers2. htm * http://urbanvelo. org/torker-graduate -commuter-bike-review/ * http://www. cycle-systems-academy. co. uk/index. php/topics/brakes/brakes-theory/mechanics-of-brakes/mechanics-of-the-system? tart=5 * http://www. physicsforums. com/showthread. php? t=158582 * http://www. longjohn. org/bremsen/bremsen_en. html * http://www. abcarticledirectory. com/Article/Bicycle-Brakes-Guide/786406 * http://www. cdxetextbook. com/brakes/brake/disc/brakefrictionmat. html * http://www. bikeforums. net/archive/index. php/t-302000. html * http://www. alibaba. com/showroom/aluminum-bike-rim. html * http://cars. about. com/od/thingsyouneedtoknow/a/discvsdrum. htm * http://www. fezzari. com/support/rb_brakes; * http://bicycletutor. com/sidepull-caliper-brakes/ * http://www. icycling. com/bikes-gear/bikes-and-gear-features/big-squeeze-road-disc-brakes * http://www. unitconversion. org/moment-of-force/newton-meters-to-kilogram-force-meters-conversion. html * http://www. bikeradar. com/mtb/gear/category/components/disc-brake-systems/product/review- formula-ro-12-46051 * http://www. winnard. co. uk/downloads/twcbd1_material_specification_2011. pdf * http://www. autoshop101. com/forms/brake03. pdf * http://www. pbr. com. au/technical/documents/hydraulicbrakesystemsguide. pdf * http://www. tcbbrakesystems. com/hdopenroad-text. html * http://www. sae. rg/events/bce/presentations/2009/okamura. pdf Appendix: Braking Power test – Matt Pacocha, Velonews: June 2009 Braking Power test – Matt Pacocha, Velonews: June 2009 What Mountain Bike UK: Calliper Brake Power Testing ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://www. edmunds. com/car-technology/brakes-drum-vs-disc. html [ 2 ]. http://www. bikewebsite. com/bicycle-bra. htm [ 3 ]. http://www. jaxquickfit. com. au/brakes [ 4 ]. http://www. jaxquickfit. com. au/brakes [ 5 ]. http://www. exploratorium. edu/cycling/brakes2. html [ 6 ]. http://bikeadvice. in/drum-brakes/ [ 7 ]. http://www . heldonbrown. com/gloss_dr-z. html#drum [ 8 ]. http://www. livestrong. com/article/340500-adjust-bicycles-drum-brakes/ [ 9 ]. http://www. exploratorium. edu/cycling/brakes2. html [ 10 ]. http://sheldonbrown. com/sturmey-archer_3-spd. html [ 11 ]. http://www. skyshop. com. au/LANDING. pdf [ 12 ]. http://www. mountainbikestoday. com/mountain-bike-resources/should-my-mountain-bike-have-disc-brakes; [ 13 ]. http://www. crazyguyonabike. com/doc/page/? page_id=8174 [ 14 ]. http://sheldonbrown. com/calipers. html [ 15 ]. http://www. bicyclestore. com. au/parts/brakes/calliper-brakes. html [ 16 ]. ttp://www. fezzari. com/support/rb_brakes; [ 17 ]. http://www. 123helpme. com/view. asp? id=57299 [ 18 ]. http://www. bike-riding-guide. com/bicycle-brakes. html [ 19 ]. http://www. bikeradar. com/mtb/fitness/article/how-we-test-hydraulic-disc-brakes-24345/ [ 20 ]. http://www. unitconversion. org/moment-of-force/newton-meters-to-kilogram-force-meters-conversion. html [ 21 ]. http://www. cycle-sys tems-academy. co. uk/index. php/topics/brakes/brakes-theory/mechanics-of-brakes/mechanics-of-the-system? start=5 [ 22 ]. http://eecycleworks. com/VNJune%20BrakeTest. pdf [ 23 ]. http://eecycleworks. om/VNJune%20BrakeTest. pdf [ 24 ]. http://auto. howstuffworks. com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-parts/brake-calipers2. htm [ 25 ]. http://urbanvelo. org/torker-graduate-commuter-bike-review/ [ 26 ]. http://www. physicsforums. com/showthread. php? t=158582 [ 27 ]. http://www. longjohn. org/bremsen/bremsen_en. html [ 28 ]. http://www. tcbbrakesystems. com/hdopenroad-text. html [ 29 ]. http://www. abcarticledirectory. com/Article/Bicycle-Brakes-Guide/786406 [ 30 ]. http://bicycletutor. com/sidepull-caliper-brakes/ [ 31 ]. http://www. cdxetextbook. com/brakes/brake/disc/brakefrictionmat. html [ 32 ]. ttp://www. alibaba. com/showroom/aluminum-bike-rim. html [ 33 ]. Paul L. Copeland, Engineering Studies – The Definitive guide [ 34 ]. http://www. bicycling. com/bikes-gear/bikes-and-gear-featu res/big-squeeze-road-disc-brakes [ 35 ]. http://www. bicycling. com/bikes-gear/bikes-and-gear-features/big-squeeze-road-disc-brakes [ 36 ]. http://www. autoshop101. com/forms/brake03. pdf [ 37 ]. Paul L. Copeland, Engineering Studies – The Definitive guide [ 38 ]. Paul L. Copeland, Engineering Studies – The Definitive guide [ 39 ]. http://cars. about. com/od/thingsyouneedtoknow/a/discvsdrum. htm [ 40 ].

Knight Templar

The Knights Templar is an organization founded in the year 1112 A.D. within the Christian community with a sole aim of protecting the Christians who were visiting   the Holy Jerusalem through Palestine, a land dominated by the Muslims. They were protecting the Christians from the attack of the Muslims. They were so courageous and fierce in battles, and had vowed on obedience,chastity and poverty(Knight Templar Website,2008).Notably, they also engaged themselves in other activities including banking, building,farming,engineering and they were monks(Templar UK Website).They were also known to as the Poor Knights of Christ, which was a kind of a symbolic name. Even though they engaged in other activities like banking, the core activity was in warfare. The activity of banking just arose due to the trust that the crusaders had in the Knights Templar members ,leaving them with valuable items on which they took custody of them at fee. The Templars were considered to the best trained and d isciplines war men of the time and they were directly responsible to the Pope, who was the leader of the Catholic Church. It believed that It is this Knights Templar that laid a foundation for the   development of the modern army systems and operations. On their seal, its was a picture of one horse boarded by two Knights which was symbolic in showing how poor they were.On the start of Knights Templar Organization, its quickly grew becoming politically influential in the international politics, in the sense that it took control of the areas that it hard influence to an extend that is used to collect taxes and initiated tithing in those areas,which accelerated the fast growth into a form of a political institution. The commanding structure of the Knight Templar was like that of the Monastics Order, which was designed by Bernard of Clairvaux, who was the the founder of Cistercian Order. They were above all the authorities,as declared by the Pope but under Pope.The Knights' involvemen t in banking was not intentional, but it rather came due to their reputations in terms of the confidence that the public had on them. The confidence came from their trustworthiness and the respect of their military system, which was mighty and their financial soundness too. Their banking system just started from the point when they stared transporting money and supplies from Europe to Palestine, that later developed into a very efficient banking system which was incomparable to any other banking system that one could have thought of by that time.The Knights were characterized of being generous in defending Jerusalem and other holy lands, which in turn enabled them to gather a lot of wealth from these lands that came in as gifts from their thankful benefactors, from their activities of protecting their lands. They used to get more other wealth from those other orders who joined them,in the form of money and property. These sources of wealth enabled the Knights to have excess money th at it used to invest and lend, in the process of honoring their vow of of poverty, given that they had taken oaths of fighting poverty. Other than these aforementioned sources of wealth, the Pope also used to grant the funds ans in this case,funds of huge sums.The cash which the Templars collected and had in reserve was normally kept in chapter houses and churches(temples), which created avenue for easy access to money for the lender that encouraged even the Spanish who were visiting the Holy land,Jerusalem to lend by the year 1135.The made easy   means of accessing cash by the pilgrims real enable  Ã‚   growth in the banking activities that the Knights involved in, and the banking system itself got favor from it not bringing complications within the order and the Church, which was a show of its political mighty. The Knights chose not to involve the church in the banking system to avoid complications, and specifically it did not involve the church directly in the building of the mortgaged assets.The banking system grew bigger and become more efficient, given that it took care   and understood the needs of the communities in which they were operating in, that made it so influential at the holy land and also in Europe. It is ways of operation and specifically with its banking system, drew the attention of other order from the Europe who were aspiring to solely take control of the money and the   banking sector after the Civil war. Their attention was drawn because the Templars were possessing a lot of holdings in areas covering   Europe and the Middle east and the island of Cyprus(Crystalinks website,2008).The formation of the Knight Templar   followed after the deliverance of Jerusalem (Knight Templar website,2008), when the Crusaders decided to to go back to their home in the process of honoring   their vow, although their was hostility from their Muslims neighbors residing in Palestine. The formation of the Knight Templar was initiated when ther e arose need for protecting the Christian community and they were accepted by Baldwin II in providing the services , after taking a vow of perpetual before the then Patriarch of Jerusalem and later assigned a part of his palace that as bordering with the temple of the city in Jerusalem,that followed the naming of them as the poor Knights of the Temple. They barely started being only nine in number of which they were unable to delver any of their intended services and especially the one for protecting the holy land and the Christian community and they were headed by Huges de Payend.In preparation to kick start their operations their leader,Huges traveled to the west in requesting   the acknowledgment by the church and also to recruit more other members. Knights never had a specified code of rules by then until they came to adapt the Rule of St. Benedict, which was later refined to Cistercians, and they also adapted the three vows of perpetual in addition to the crusaders' vows , th e rules of the church and the   rules of the dormitory. The new recruits were expected to behave in accord   to the set rules within the Knight Templar   composed of four major categories consisted of the farmers,Knights, chaplains and Sergeants. In addition to their rules, the Knight Templars   also adapted the Red cross sign   from the Cistercians Rules.The establishment of Knights Templar was welcomed with a high spirits, to an extend that   even before they had shown their abilities, they received a lot of favor of every kind, where the preceding Popes safe guarded them by exempting them from all kinds of prosecutions, episcopal or secular. All the property owned by the Knights was free from tax and they did this by assimilating their property into church compounds, and they were exempted from paying the ecclesiastical tithes   and having their churches and   cemeteries interdicted. The special treat that was offered to these Knights later brought misunderstandin g among the clergy men of the holy land debating on whether to wipe or not   wipe these favors, although this was never an issue to discuss in Rome as they were guaranteed these favors without question and the favors that they received from the Europe   were worth to make an impact.The Templars had representative in every state, in the name of commanderies, including France which had forty two commanderies and Palestine where grabbed wealth at the disadvantage of the Muslims. For example in the Palestine they had build major possessions like the Safed, Karak and the Castle of Pilgrim that was built in the year 1217 with an aim of defiling the coast of the sea.The character of the Knights was   indefinite ,with respect to the services that they provided. They were fierce in war and very humble in chapels without fear of death on protecting Christianity, and they were the first to attack not giving up easily, while keeping word from their leaders, although they were not very man y by then(Veling Website). On the start of their prosperity, there were only 400 knights in Jerusalem, but composed of noble men who inspired the rest of the Christian community.They normally used to fight to the end without giving up,even if it means held as captives and   when held mostly by the Muslims in forcing them to deny Jesus Christ, on which they died keeping to their faith. Although they were not easily giving up,this situation and experiences scared more recruits   because it required more commitment just more than being recruited in the order,Knight Templar, because all that was expected from a new recruits was total obedience to the rules without compromise. They new recruits were normally put into test in, on testing their sincerity and keeping of secret, although later their was some kind of laxity in observing the rules caused by the great wealth they had acquired and also the greedy for poor.At the amid of its growth,the Knights Templar had 9000 estates   amo ng other wealth holdings that were deposited in the temples at both Paris and London, including the deposits that were under custody received from the princes and individuals just because of their trustworthiness. On this order reaching a kind of an independent state it started extending assistance to the disadvantaged members of the society, that included the minorities and people with various disabilities.During the growth of this order, their happened to be another order by the name Hospitallers that was started in imitating the Knights and which later brought conflict between the two orders due to clashing activities and greed for power. The Hospitallers engaged in military just as the Knights which ignited rivalry between the two orders, but this rivalry was solved by uniting the two order, which was suggested by St. Louis in a council of Lyons in the year 1274, but the union was proposed to start in a new   form by Pope Nicholas II in the year 1293 (Templars UK Website,1996) , on calling for consultations from Christian states.The troubles that led with the collapsing of the Knights Templar started from their denial to compensate the then king of France, Philip IV for his wars(New advent Website). The King had tried so many way in persuading the Knights to pay   including the proceeding Popes from the time of Pope Boniface VIII to Clement V, although Pope Clement V had agreed with King Philip IV but the Knights Declined. In revenge for decline of the Knights Templar,on October 13,1307,King Philip IV of France   arrested the Knights Templar in France and tortured them.The king later held the treasury of the Knights   and disbanded their money banking system, and it was perceived of him being jealousy of the Templars' operations , more especially their wealth and power, which made him envy in controlling them alone. The act of King of France, Philip IV over the Knights sent a deterrence to other orders like the Hospitallers,the Rhodes and the Malta, which convinced them giving up the banking operations in some states like Jerusalem.This was a real break through in the collapse of the Knights Templar as the assets which were outside France were transferred to the ownership of Knights Hospitallers, which was a directive from the Pope and the survivors from the Knights Templar menace were admitted into their former rival Hospitallers. Pope Clement V commanded the dissolving of the Knight Templar. even though so many Kings in various states had not advocated for that, and for instance the king of Spain declined in giving in to the demands of Pope Clement V in transferring all the assets belonging Knights Templar to Hospitallers, although they were later transferred to another order by the Montesa. In Portugal, they only changed the name of the order and rather called it Order of Christ, which was led by Price Henry for 20 years before his death, while the King of Scot had disbanded the order of Knights Templar with different reaso ns.Conclusion. Knight   Templar is an organization that was formed in the the year 1112, with a membership of Nine members, with a sole aim of protecting Christianity and more especially the pilgrims to the holy land from the Europe from their   Muslim neighbors who were trying to deter the spread of Christianity. The nine members headed by Huges,   recruited more new members  Ã‚   and the recruitment was real fast because the order.Knight Templar was highly accepted within the church community, and later after having new recruits they adapted a set of rules which were designed by   Cistercians. Involuntary during their operations in providing military services, they found themselves with a very efficient banking system and this was triggered by their trustworthiness in winning the public confidence, and it started by them being left with precious goods by the crusaders,which later become as big as transmitting money and , building mortgaged property , acting as a custodia n for the stored money and   also the lending of money in fulling their Vow of poverty.It grew bigger,extending to many states   including France,Spain and Scot. The fall of Knight Templar originated from their decline to compensate the then king of France,King Philip IV for the wars that he fought. He revenge by arresting the   Templars and seizing their Assets in France. On adding an injury to a wound, the the Pope, after the arrest of the Templars in France he gave a directive disbanding the Knights Templar organization, ans the transfer of their assets to another order by the name Hospitallers which was a rival order to Knights Templar, on their clash in their respective responsibilities as their operations were like a duplicate.ReferenceLuther J. ,2008 , Knight Templar, Retrieved May 9th,2008 From from the World Wide web;  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.crystalinks.com/templars1.htmlDrill M.,2008,Grand Encampment of Knight Templar;Retrieved Ma y 9th,2008 From from the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World Wide web; www.knightstemplar.org/purpose1.htmlCharles M.,1912, The Knights Templars;New Advent Website  Ã‚   ,Retrieved May 9th,2008 From   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from the World Wide web;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.newadvent.org/cathen/14493a.htmSimon F.,2008,The Grand priority of Knights Templars in UK and Wales.,Retrieved May   Ã‚  Ã‚   9th,2008   From from the   World Wide web;   www.templars.org.uk/Vatican II,1996, Knights Templar,Retrieved May 9th,2008 From from the World Wide web;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     www.veling.nl/anne/templars/

Organizational Change Essays

Organizational Change Essays Organizational Change Paper Organizational Change Paper Organizational Change Slide 1 Organizational change is a process that is geared towards the pursuit of becoming better. These changes can be brought about by different factors. To fully grasp organizational change, it is a structural method that involves change in both process and concept. Change at the process level refers to the procedural shift in achieving the desired outcome, while change in content refers to the descriptions of the changes that an organization has actually undertook (Barnet Carroll, 1995). Nine Reason’s for Organizational Change Slide 2 The need for change can be brought about by different reasons. Robert W. Swaim in his article suggested nine reasons organizations need to change. The first reasons is crisis, this can come in different form: political, social, financial, religious and the like. Second to the line is Performance Gap, this happens when the vision mission and goals of an organization is not met, then the need to do organizational change is vital. Third reason is New Technology, the advance of new technology which brings positive impact to the company can be a great reason for change. Fourth reason is Identification to Opportunities, competition in the field can bring about the need to undergo organizational change. Fifth reason is Reaction to External and Internal Pressures, management and employees can impact internal change, while clientele, competition, change in government regulations, shareholders, financial market and the like are examples of external pressure. Sixth reason is Mergers and Acquisitions, when organizations are merged or an organization is acquired or reacquired, then the need to revamp the process and content is helpful for the company. Seventh reason is Change for the Sake of Change, administration turnover can cause organizational change. New administration would most likely want to prove something and so they change for the sake of change. Eight reason happens when new engineering fads bloom and the company think it sounds good and so they implement the change. The ninth reason is Planned Abandonment, this happens when an organization abandon products, market, resources, in exchange to new opportunities (Swaim, 2011). Many nursing homes still uses paper charting and papers are prone from getting burn and risk of being read by any unauthorized individuals. Due to the fact that the process of electronic charting has started, other nursing home will have to re-evaluate their mission and vision in order to move toward change. Using computers at work allows nurses to do their job efficiently and safely. Many patients and their families are gearing towards the advancement of new technology to be able to deliver safe and effective health care. Identification of opportunities brings competition to the market which allow patients to better options. The health care government and patients can also put pressure to healthcare organizations to improve their services. The desire for change can impact the lives of many patients which are always re-evaluated for its effectiveness. New administrators can facilitate this change at any time they want with stakeholders in mind. New opportunities arise causing better health services and new creating technology to change the way health care system work. Statistic of EMR Use Slide 3 The table presents the data from Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. It reflects the trends in percentages of office-based physician with EMR/EHR systems from 2001-2012. In the 2012 survey, 10,302 physicians participated in the survey. It can be gleaned on the graph that a decline in the use of EMR/HER is observable since two years from 2011. This decline can be attributed to the lack of knowledge and training in the use of the system. However, EMR/HER system has gone up higher starting the year 2004 to present. It can be observed from the graph that from 2011-2012 has the highest percentage compared to the rest of the year gaining roughly about 14. 8 percent from 57% t0 71. 8 % (Hsiao, 2012). Advantages of EMR Slide 4 As America’s hospitals venture farther into the electronics age, nurses are beginning to recognize the benefits the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) provides both to their patients and their profession (Orlovsky, 2005). It provides fewer medicals errors by reminding the staff when the next medication is due, better patient plan of care, and improved patient safety such as falls and pressure sores (Furukawa et. al. , 2011). Electronic medical records can also improve quality care for patients due to accessibility of the whole interdisciplinary team for faster delivery of health care service (Furukawa et. al. , 2011). Paper records increases risk being burned and submerged into water.

America and The Grapes Of Wrath Essays

America and The Grapes Of Wrath Essays America and The Grapes Of Wrath Essay America and The Grapes Of Wrath Essay Essay Topic: The Grapes Of Wrath In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the time period is set during the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression around the 1930s. Both of these devastations occurred relatively around the same time creating many problems across America. In the Great Plains region, the Dust Bowl hit forcing families into havoc. When families transitioned from their farming lands to industrial factories they were hit with the Great Depression. This affected about 15 million people throughout America. The Dust Bowl surrounded Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico. With almost no rainfall, loose soil, and high winds all of these factors combined to create dense dust clouds called â€Å"black blizzards†. From 1934 to 1937, the soil lacked the strong root system to resist the winds. The recurring storms strangled cows and pasture lands moving 60% of the population from the region. Most of these people moved to the west towards cities. The federal government mobilized several new agencies, principally the Soil Conservation Service formed in 1935, to promote farm rehabilitation. Farmers were instructed to plant trees and grass to anchor the soil, to plow and terrace in contour patterns to hold rainwater, and to allow portions of farmland to lie unplanted each year so the soil could restore. 11.3 million acres of land were purchased to keep out of production and by 1941 much of the land was rehabilitated. The region repeated its mistakes during World War II as farmer s again plowed up grassland to plant wheat when grain prices rose. Drought threatened another disaster in the 1950s, prompting Congress to subsidize farmers in restoring millions of acres of wheat back to grassland. The Great Depression was the longest lasting economic downturn in history. After the stock market crashed in October 1929, Wall Street wiped out millions of investors in a panic.Steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laid o

3 More Cases of Misplaced Modifiers

3 More Cases of Misplaced Modifiers 3 More Cases of Misplaced Modifiers 3 More Cases of Misplaced Modifiers By Mark Nichol When sentence elements that provide additional, nonessential information are not positioned in proximity to the word or phrase they directly pertain to, the sentence is often awkward at best and confusing at worst. Each example below demonstrates how misplacing a reference to a year or a point in time may muddle the meaning of a sentence; discussion and revision provide a solution to each problem. 1. He was a part of the first lineup in team history to make the playoffs in 1978. The sentence reads nonsensically as if the lineup was the first to get to the playoffs in a particular year, but the point is that it was the first to do so in the team’s history; the year of the achievement is identified as an afterthought. To avoid the implication that the particular year is integral to the achievement rather than incidental to it, the year should be set off from the keyword playoffs, and the best place for the phrase â€Å"in 1978† is at the head of the sentence: â€Å"In 1978, he was a part of the first lineup in team history to make the playoffs.† 2. It became a second home for Jones in 1995, whose mother died from cancer that same year. The adjective/noun phrase whose mother is associated with Jones, so the two sentence elements should be adjacent and not interrupted. As with the previous example, relocate â€Å"in 1995† as an introductory phrase: â€Å"In 1995, it became a second home for Jones, whose mother died from cancer that same year.† 3. A quick search of the vehicle revealed thirty bottles of hard liquor, a case of hard lemonade, a jar of marijuana, and a pile of prescription drugs in one girl’s purse, police said. This sentence implies that all the items were found in the (necessarily massive) purse, but the intended meaning is clear when the modifying phrase â€Å"in one girl’s purse† is located parenthetically before the final item in the list to specify that that is the only item found in the purse: â€Å"A quick search of the vehicle revealed thirty bottles of hard liquor, a case of hard lemonade, a jar of marijuana, and, in one girl’s purse, a pile of prescription drugs, police said.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Is She a "Lady" or a "Woman"?Hang, Hung, HangedWood vs. Wooden

Network Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Network Management - Essay Example Network management tools can also help in providing security to the systems. A network management tool known as "The Multi Router Traffic Grapher" is used to monitor the traffic load on all the network links. Emails are also monitored to delete spam and virus-infected emails at server itself and also to ensure that attachments are not too heavy to clog the rest of the system. Another network management tool "Nagios", which is a network and server monitoring system is also used. Nagios helps monitor network services, processor load, system logs, disk usage, etc. and is capable of providing email and SMS notifications as well. Nagios also allows proactively resolving problems by defining event handlers. To summarize, network management tools can help a network manager understand when any component of the network is about to fail or has already failed, or whose security has been compromised (e.g. through a viral attack), when the traffic has reached its peak, and most importantly, to know that everything is working fine. Structure of Management Information (SMI) is a component that is used in network management and provides the rules required in network management. It is based on object definition language known as Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) and operates in Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It "defines the general rules for naming objects, defining object types (including range and length), and showing how to encode objects and values" (Yang, n.d.). However, SMI does not define the number of objects that an entity should manage. It also does not define the names of the objects that are to be managed. Also, it does not define the how the objects and their corresponding values will be associated. A managed object has the following three attributes: a. Name: The name of the object known as the object identifier (OID) is used to uniquely define a managed object. There is no restriction on the type of name - it can be human readable or it could be numeric like an IP address. The naming convention of these managed objects is based on the ASN.1 naming scheme as mentioned earlier, which is hierarchical in nature. So an object identifier is made up of a series of integers separated by dots. These series is based on the nodes in the tree and is hierarchical. The figure below shows an example of an object identifier. As can be seen from the figure, the management branch (i.e. mgmt in the figure) defines a standard set of internet management objects (hierarchically above mgmt) and is named as iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt or 1.3.6.1.2. b. Type and syntax: ASN.1 is machine, OS and language independent method for describing data types and rules that define how data will be transmitted over the network. The data-types are described in brief below: Type Size Description INTEGER 4 bytes An integer with a value between -231 and 231 - 1 Integer32 4 bytes Same as INTEGER Unsigned32 4 bytes Unsigned with a value between 0 and 232 - 1 OCTET STRING Variable Byte-string up to 65,535 bytes long OBJECT IDENTIFIER Variable An object identifier IPAddress 4 bytes An IP address made of four integers Counter32 4 bytes An integer whose value can be incremented from zero to 232; when it reaches its maximum value it wraps back to zero Counter64 8 bytes 64-bit counter Gauge32 4

How is modern technology used in Medical centers Essay

How is modern technology used in Medical centers - Essay Example 2 Introduction A poet, philosopher and an artist of an early 20th century named Khalil Gibran, who lived in a pre-computer era, stated that (Pasupathy 18-21) â€Å"A little knowledge that acts is worth infinitely more than much knowledge that is idle†. It is surprising that he is concerned about the knowledge management systems in the 20th century. However, this idea has become more useful if this statement is meditative in the long-term care industry. In addition, by computerizing long-term care industry a massive enhancement has been noticed. But long-term care institutions still require a lot more knowledge associated with technology in order to enhance nursing homes, progress through administration techniques, improve the medical processes and gain knowledge associated with system management (Pasupathy 18-21). The administrator of a nursing home must understand the core objective of management system and the purpose of long-term care organizations before procuring, executi ng and promoting these systems, as it will consequently aid in understanding the characteristics and features of the system (Pasupathy 18-21). ... It is made possible by the sound knowledge in health care that locate a new direction in the field of health and social care system. A 24-hours care support has been established by the NHS that provides full support to the patients, as well as to the public keeping in mind the concept of primary self-care. However, the NHS must maintain the acquisition of new technologies and innovative working practices to facilitate people with long term conditions to live a healthy life (Robinson 9-12). Likewise, health services are provided to the patients via national ICT infrastructure that is designed to support multi-channel services in order to provide 24/7 constant recommendations and knowledge regarding self-management and the management of long-term health conditions (Bradbury 309-314). Moreover, many patients find it difficult on how to find adequate solutions related to any health condition or how to contact their regular care service providers in late working hours or in some cases aft er working hours. In 2004, the problem has been aggravated for several patients due to out-of-hours (OOH) services (Bradbury 309-314). The NHS direct has made this possible for patients to get reliable and useful information through any medium such as telephone, internet, digital TV (DiTV). In addition, NHS Direct is continuously providing sound knowledge to spread awareness among the patients (Bradbury 309-314). A number of communities are using different technologies such as, point-of-care (POC) documentation and financial software, as mentioned in a long-term living trend survey ('Long-Term Living's Survey of Technology Usage', 65-65). In that survey it was concluded that the latest technology acquisition will

DRAMA OF DIVERSITY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DRAMA OF DIVERSITY - Assignment Example It is my personality around those I do not know well that has led to me being labeled and judged unfairly. At several different junctures throughout my life, I have dealt with people who are acquaintances or people that I come into contact with casually. Sometimes, when I engage these people in a conversation, they will tell me straight to my face that they believed I was really stuck up or arrogant before talking to me. I am always astounded and hurt at this revelation. I was brought up to be a humble and well-mannered person, so having these people label me in this fashion is extremely upsetting. I then have to tell these people that I am merely a quiet and reserved person, but this doesn’t change the fact that their words sting me. I can’t help but want to point out the fact that their actions in relaying this label to me shows me a lot about their character. In the end, I just have to remind myself that everyone judges and labels others. I think that the most unfair judgements and labels are those that are formed without knowing a person at all. Essentially, this kind of judgement reminds me of a person being sentenced in a courtroom without the ability to showcase evidence to the contrary. It is because of my own experiences with unfair judgements, that I make it a point to not judge a person, especially if I don’t know them very

Management Research Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Research Project - Assignment Example The latter finally leads to work life balance problems. Individuals and organizations should identify the stressors in workplace and design amicable solutions to combat the issue. If there is an early address on potential stressors, individuals and organizations can alleviate the negative effects associated with stress. To handle the menace well, employees need to identify signs and possible stressors (Adair, 2009). On the other hand, managers need awareness on the effects of stress to employees and general performance of the company in terms of output. It is necessary as an individual to learn how to keep away from stress, as it is also necessary for employers. Tesco is well-structured company with a large number of workforces and offers a suitable platform of the research. Tesco is company with UK origin that began in 1919 started by Jack Cohen a market stallholder selling groceries in London. After merging with T.E Stockwell, Tesco first opened the store in 1929. Since then, the company has expanded extensively across the world and has over 2,200 stores including Tesco Express and hypermarkets to meet customers’ requirements. Tesco is one of the largest British retailers and in the world list; it is one of the leading retail outlets. Tesco has a workforce of over 468,000 that offer the platform for this research. In a move to support its growth attributed to its staffs, the company ensures the staffs are in a sober condition. The company achieves their goal through motivation, training, and ensuring the staffs have the spirit of meeting customers’ needs. It motivates the employees through increasing their skills, knowledge, and job satisfaction through training and development programs (Kinder et al., 2008). Stress in the workplace can be damaging to organizational goals if not well-handled and addressed. Thus, for managers, it is

Leading an Engineering Project Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leading an Engineering Project Team - Essay Example The skill to motivate is an essential component of that. A personal leadership experience is used in this essay to discuss the various components of leadership (e.g. communication, rational thinking, leadership styles, etc.) that are integral to leading project teams. Leadership and Communication The author has recently been assigned to an engineering project in Dubai as an electrical supervisor. He belongs to a team of contractor whose job was to assemble and commission an 800-ton crane project. One of his responsibilities as an electrical supervisor is getting the electrical works done from shipyard supervisors and electricians through efficient communication. Since the workers who carry out the tasks of the project usually have almost all the information, managers must gain their opinions or feedback to enhance decision making, confidence, efficiency, processes, and, eventually, organisational productivity, strength, and sustainability. As mentioned by Walker (2010), upward commun ication â€Å"has to be constantly fostered and reinforced, so that people see it’s something that’s valued† (p. 98). Project leaders must evaluate the formal communication system to determine where there are problems in communication that could detrimentally impact the organisation’s general wellbeing. ... Some of the members feel anxious when talking to their supervisors. In order to resolve such issues, employees must be persuaded to assess and understand both procedures and outcomes. Self-evaluation and feedback from other members of the team and supervisors would be very useful (Bass & Bass 2009, 313). It must be stressed to the members that an attention to abilities is the integral component of enhancing communication with their supervisors. Successful outcomes rely on the skills of the members of the team. Everybody recognises the need for managers to possess the abilities to communicate with employees. Yet, many employees ignore the value of abilities when communicating with their manager. Since the engineering project is big but fairly simple, the traditional communication approach may be useful. This model is highly applicable to teams working with a project supervisor. Downward communication is simple and fast. But upward communication could provide more benefits to projects composed of only a few teams (Bass & Bass 2009, 453). The decision-making process could be hastened by the electrical supervisor provided that the other members of the team are ‘properly behaved.’ An upward communication strategy could be used by the electrical supervisor to the project’s advantage since he and the other members of the team were all from the same country, sharing a common language. Leading Successful Teams Project leadership has to be realistic and concentrate on performance outcomes. Even though project leaders still carry out numerous roles, such as making schedules of work activities, discussing work allocation, etc., they function more as mentors, guides, and coordinators. Project leaders

HSBC E-Business Challenges and Mitigation Essay

HSBC E-Business Challenges and Mitigation - Essay Example As the paper highlights that the basic derivation of such nature is spread in the form of various Malwares and intentional programs which result in harmful activities for a particular business or internet community at large. The various security concerns are dependent on the technologies in use like Ajax and other majority of technologies used. The composite feature of the security concerns are as follows: This paper outlines that the largest threat is content exploitation and the various implications of duplicating a wrong site to the transacting parties. It is quite often seen in practice wherein the content is misrepresented with wrong and misleading information about the subject. Often the content which is uploaded and saved by users are not properly referenced like Wikipedia and are nor taken as valid sources for fetching content in many universities. The various objectives which are desired to be achieved would be quite misleading in such cases and make sure that all the various thoughts are achieved to its maximum limit. The security still remains the primary issue for any online activity and when it comes to online transaction the threats increase multifold. Transfer of funds and various online trading activities would meet with severe access control for fetching a secured manner for access and security control. The online operations are still facing the worst dangers from secu rity and fraud and continue the traditional process of fetching the business. The better security mechanisms would enable to enrich businesses and would contribute largely to the faith of online transactions are would enable to reach customers base for better catering of products and services.

Leading an Engineering Project Team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leading an Engineering Project Team - Essay Example The skill to motivate is an essential component of that. A personal leadership experience is used in this essay to discuss the various components of leadership (e.g. communication, rational thinking, leadership styles, etc.) that are integral to leading project teams. Leadership and Communication The author has recently been assigned to an engineering project in Dubai as an electrical supervisor. He belongs to a team of contractor whose job was to assemble and commission an 800-ton crane project. One of his responsibilities as an electrical supervisor is getting the electrical works done from shipyard supervisors and electricians through efficient communication. Since the workers who carry out the tasks of the project usually have almost all the information, managers must gain their opinions or feedback to enhance decision making, confidence, efficiency, processes, and, eventually, organisational productivity, strength, and sustainability. As mentioned by Walker (2010), upward commun ication â€Å"has to be constantly fostered and reinforced, so that people see it’s something that’s valued† (p. 98). Project leaders must evaluate the formal communication system to determine where there are problems in communication that could detrimentally impact the organisation’s general wellbeing. ... Some of the members feel anxious when talking to their supervisors. In order to resolve such issues, employees must be persuaded to assess and understand both procedures and outcomes. Self-evaluation and feedback from other members of the team and supervisors would be very useful (Bass & Bass 2009, 313). It must be stressed to the members that an attention to abilities is the integral component of enhancing communication with their supervisors. Successful outcomes rely on the skills of the members of the team. Everybody recognises the need for managers to possess the abilities to communicate with employees. Yet, many employees ignore the value of abilities when communicating with their manager. Since the engineering project is big but fairly simple, the traditional communication approach may be useful. This model is highly applicable to teams working with a project supervisor. Downward communication is simple and fast. But upward communication could provide more benefits to projects composed of only a few teams (Bass & Bass 2009, 453). The decision-making process could be hastened by the electrical supervisor provided that the other members of the team are ‘properly behaved.’ An upward communication strategy could be used by the electrical supervisor to the project’s advantage since he and the other members of the team were all from the same country, sharing a common language. Leading Successful Teams Project leadership has to be realistic and concentrate on performance outcomes. Even though project leaders still carry out numerous roles, such as making schedules of work activities, discussing work allocation, etc., they function more as mentors, guides, and coordinators. Project leaders

Oliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain Essay Example for Free

Oliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain Essay Oliver Cromwell a Hero or a Villain BY lokenl 12 Oliver Cromwell was born in 25 April 1599 in a town in England called Huntington. He went to school at Huntington Grammar School then went to Sydney Sussex Collage at Cambridge. He studied law at Cambridge and then went to London and became the MP for Huntington in 1628 and MP for Cambridge in 1640. In 1630s Oliver Cromwell became Puritan due to a religious crisis and started to become a Radical Puritan when he elected to represent Cambridge, first in the Short parliament, then in the Long parliament. In Parliament, Oliver Cromwell was a strong critic of King Charles he 2nd and in 1642, when King Charles the 2nd started the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell started to raise troops and Joined the Parliamentary forces, fighting against King Charles the 2nd. It is in the English Civil War where Oliver Cromwell gains his renown and fame. In the beginning of the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell became a cavalry commander. Even though he had no military experience, he had a good knowledge of horses due to his experience of being a large landowner. Oliver Cromwell rose thought the ranks really quickly first a colonel in 1643, then in 1644, Oliver Cromwell ecame Lieutenant-General of the OEastern Association Army and in 1645 he became Lieutenant-General of the New Model Army. The reason why Oliver Cromwell became such a good cavalry commander is because he knew a well-disciplined army is very important in war. Oliver Cromwell first noticed that Prince Ruperts cavalry were not very well disciplined and they do not rally after a charge, instead, Prince Ruperts cavalry Just pursuit their own targets. In the first major battle in the English civil war at the battle of Edgehill, Prince Ruperts cavalry did not return to the battlefield until 1 hour after he initial charge at the Parliamentary forces in which Prince Ruperts cavalry horses did not have the strength to mount another charge against enemy forces. Oliver Cromwell saw Prince Ruperts cavalry tactic flaws and made sure that his cavalry did not have the same flaws. Oliver Cromwell trained his cavalry to keep together after a charge so the cavalry can charge again and again. Oliver Cromwells cavalry was called the Ironsides due to how they cut their way though Royalist forces on the battlefield. In February 1645, Parliament decided to create the New Model Army, which is an rmy full of professional solders with its commander-in-chief being General Thomas Fairfax. The Head of cavalry was Oliver Cromwell and The New Model Army had 22,000 men who all received proper military training and when the New Model Army went to battle, they were very well disciplined. In The New Model Army, officers were promoted based on how good they were, not their heritage. This is the first time a working class person can become an army officer. The first battle that the New Model Army was an important victory for the Model Army first major battle took part outside the village of Naseby in Northampton hire on 14 June 1645. The battle for Naseby was a complete disaster for King Charles the 2nd. King Charles the 2nd complete stock of weapons and ammunition was in the Royalist baggage train, which was captured by the Parliamentarian forces during the battle for Naseby. This is an important fact as King Charles the 2nd could not supply weapons or ammunition to his army and so he could not raise another army strong enough to defeat the Parliamentarians army. In January 1647, King Charles the 2nd fled to Scotland where the Scots betrayed King Charles the 2nd and gave him back to the Parliamentarians. Charles was imprisoned n Hampton Court, but in November 1647 he escaped and managed to raise another army and convinced the Scots to help him. But in August 1648, The New Model Army defeated the Royalist army and the Scots. Oliver Cromwell and most of the New Model Army decided to overthrow part of parliament who wanted to disband the New Model Army because they did not get their pay, that part of the parliament believed the New Model Army had too much power and they did not wanted to execute King Charles the 2nd. In 1649 King Charles the 2nd was executed outside his Whitehall Palace. The Parliament passed a series of new laws. The monarchy, the House of Lords and the Anglican Church were abolished and the land own by them was sold and the money was us to pay the wages of the soldiers. People were no longer fined if they did not attend the local church but they were still expected to go to some religious practice. In August 1649, Cromwell and 12,000 soldiers arrived in Ireland to put down the rebellion. During the next ten years of bloodshed around one third of the Scottish population was killed or died of starvation. More then half that were killed were Catholic and Oliver Cromwell and his 12,000 men killed them. When Oliver Cromwell went back to England, the parliament was still called but it was Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army who were in charged. In December 1653 the New Model Army decided to make Oliver Cromwell as England new ruler. The army wanted him to be king but Oliver Cromwell refused and instead took the title Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. However Oliver Cromwell had as much power as the king had. When the House of Commons opposed his policies in 1655, he closed it down. Now Oliver Cromwell is the king of England in all but name. Oliver Cromwell imposed military rule on England. He divided England into 11 districts with each to be run by a Major General who are Just a governor of each districts. The laws in each district are all different to each other. In some districts bear-baiting, cock-fghting, horse-racing and wrestling were banned. Betting and gambling were also forbidden. Large numbers of ale-houses were closed and fines were imposed on people caught swearing. In some districts, the Major-Generals even In 1655 Edward Sexby, John Wildman and Richard Overton were involved in developing a plot to overthrow the government. They were discovered and were forced to flee for their lives. In 1658 Cromwell announced that he wanted his son, Richard Cromwell, to replace him as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth. The English army was unhappy with this decision as Richard did not have any experience. Oliver Cromwell died on 3rd September 1658. His son became Lord Protector but in May 1659, the generals forced him to retire from government. Oliver Cromwell was a hero because he played an important part of showing how important the parliament was and how the king does not always act on people behalf and sometimes act on their own selfish needs and how their lives are similar to other eople. During the English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell was considered a hero due to how he commanded the cavalry on the battlefield and his tactics. In the end of the English Civil War, some of Oliver Cromwells achievement was how he tried to form a new Parliament and when that did not work he used the army officers as the Government. Oliver Cromwell is also a villain because of how many innocents he and his men killed and as Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth, Cromwell started to become more ruthless and started to kill anyone in his way.

PESTEL Analysis of Petrochemical Gulf Markets

PESTEL Analysis of Petrochemical Gulf Markets GCC countries are almost representing the best miscellaneous prudent wealth among the Middle East countries with more stability at their political situation and homogenized society. This is in addition to relaxed position within their neighborhood countries. However, the main social problem is that its citizens are representing less that 50% of the total population of the country. Further, GCC countries are enjoying a political stable regime; moreover, there are not such unexpectedly shifting in business regulations and procedures within GCC countries. In addition, there are some other threats around the Middle East but it has not affected seriously at GCC countries business such as the conflict between Palestinians and Zionists and the war in Iraq. However, there is some risk from Iran, because it attends to acquire nuclear weapons. This is besides the illegally occupying of Iran into three islands of the UAE (Abu Musa, the greater and the lesser Tunbas). Economy: The Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) is an oil-based region by the largest persistent oil reserves in the globe; 483.7 billion barrels, 40.2 percent of the worlds total crude oil reserves, OPEC accounts at 78 percent of the worlds total proved oil reserves. Nonetheless, this area ranks as the biggest producer as well as an exporter of petroleum and plays a key role in the world generally along with the OPEC in particular. Thus, the six countries of the GCC region are taking pleasure in a remarkable economic growth that is expected to remain in excess of the medium-term. However, the GCC economy is anticipated to continue through $1 trillion within the year of 2010, making an almost three-fold raise in just five years. However, four GCC countries which are the portion of the OPEC together with KSA, UAE, Kuwait, as well as Qatar account for 51 percent of the total OPEC reserves and 46 percent of the total OPEC crude oil production for the states of GCC area, oil as well as gas represent s just about 73 percent of the total export earnings. Furthermore, oil along with gas sector accounts for lots 63 percent of governments revenues and 41 percent of its GDP. In addition, here, we have to say that the district is continuing its economic adjustment program additionally currently its focus is to attract domestically, regionally, as well as foreign private sector investment involved in oil as well as gas, power generation, telecommunications, along with real-estate sectors. The rush ahead in oil prices, the rising up of fiscal along with external; balance of payments positions, moreover improvements toward the business atmosphere have combined to produce an impressive infrastructure improvement. Therefore, in June 2010, there was practically $2 trillion worth of GCC projects announced, planned or else underway, mostly related in the rule of construction, oil, gas as well as petrochemicals sectors. The Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) areas economy has doubled in size during 2004 to 2009. Moreover, a combined official GDP of the area grew by the rate of 12.5 percent within 2009 toward $812.95 billion measured into a growth rate of 17.3 percent to $722.49 billion in 2008. On the other hand, the strong economic performance is endorsed to secure global oil demand; better geopolitical situation; acceleration of growth measures; powerful boost in privatization activities; growth of assets of central banks along with the strength of the GCC corporate sector. For that reason, nominal GDP is expected to grow powerfully through a 25.8 percent toward $1022.62billion within the year 2009 and is the project to develop at an 8.8 percent to $1112.08 billion in 2010. In original terms, the economy of the area grew via 5.5 percent in 2008 compared near a rate of 5.8 percent in the year of 2009. Moreover, it is expected to grow at the rates of 5.8 percent and 6.5 percent in 2010 as well as 2011 respectively. Social: The Societies in the GCC countries are combining of the conservative as well as advanced another attractive than in several of the further countries in the Middle East region. Conceivably due in the piece to the widespread level of development that has been accomplished along with the success of the GCC countries in integrating up to date technology keen on their society with no considerable disruptions. The state religion of the GCC countries is Islam. However, there are people of other religions in the GCC countries such as Hindus, Christians and others. Anyone who wants to continue along with setting up a business in GCC countries should follow the Islamic rules. The official language of the GCC countries is Arabic but English is the language of business. On the other hand, the Arab Gulf states all have substantial revenues from oil and gas and have remarkably little local citizens. This has grown their related per capita incomes to greater than those of their neighbors consist. To join the labor shortages they provide significant quantities of temporary non-citizen economic migrants mainly from South Asia as well as South East Asia, chiefly the Philippines in addition to Indians. In the earlier stage, there were additional remarkable numbers of immigrants coming from Jordan (mainly of Palestinian origin) as well as Egypt. Technology: The GCC countries are one of the ideal locations to market products and services to Middle East and Asia. The users of Information Technology cover all aspects of society, private, consumer businesses, and governments, military in addition to educational facilities. The field has been used primarily through the Internet for business purposes. The governments in the GCC countries act as a matchmaker, to assist businesses and private users to take advantages of the information technology revolution. GCC countries are enjoying the highest advances in communications technology comprise considerably widened the range of services carried through the network. Satellites, besides microwave radio, as well optical cable links, besides digital switching in addition to transmission, offer a potential for the enhancement of quality and for the expansion of right to apply to the most remote areas. The world is presently a perfectly integrated information network. Environment: The GCC countries face a quantity of environmental problems, driven through people pressure, particularly in the cities where metropolitan growth has taken situate. Property degradation, especially, appropriate to desertification in several parts of the district is becoming progressively more critical. Nevertheless, the most severe problem is that of the fast turn down in fresh water accessibility. On the other hand, it is widely known that oil continues to control the worlds energy supply as well as the regions energy sector. GCC oil exports expansion in addition to contribute to advanced incidents of oil spills from offshore extraction along with transportation, foremost to elevated hydrocarbon concentrations in the waters of the Arabian Gulf that negatively have an effect on the desalination production progression, as well human health, in addition to the environment. Legislation: Although legislation are almost similar at the GCC countries, as we find most of them were driven out of Islamic Sharia. On the other hand, for the civil laws, there were two sources at the GCC countries, the first one from the Egyptian laws, which were initially driven out from the France laws. The other source of the GCC countries was the Jordanian laws, where they were driven out from the British laws. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: The GCC countries economy has many positive points that make GCC countries economy strong and we can summarize these points in the following: GCC countries are applying the open economy policy in most of its states. The mighty prestigious location for GCC countries between Asia and Africa continents GCC countries advance ranked among countries that export oil. Policies and procedures that the governments apply ought to support the economy. GCC countries Provide different facilities for investors (local and foreign), like: no restrictions on the foreign currencies, competitive import fees (4%), no taxes on the personal and companies income (except oil companies and the branches of foreign banks) and other facilities. The GCC countries governments offer many investment opportunities for investors in all sectors in most of its countries. The GCC countries governments build many industrial cities and free zones in different places in GCC countries that have all the services that need. Weakness: The GCC countries economy weaknesses are summarized in these points: Financial Frauds in some GCC countries economy from transferring money and no restrictions in loans (UAE and Bahrain). GCC countries currencies are linked with the US dollar and this cause a change in the value of the GCC countries local currencies as the change in the US dollar. Legal system in GCC countries tie to the ruling elite Opportunities: The GCC countries economy has many opportunities, because it is now in the growth period. We can summarize the opportunities in these points: The GCC countries have the opportunity to change from depending on oil as a main source of funds to other sources (non-oil sectors). The GCC countries have enough funds to improve all the sectors. There are many facilities to export GCC countries products to other countries especially Middle East countries. Threats: The inflation fluctuation within GCC countries is representing high threats to their economies. The continuous changing in oil prices which is affecting badly the budgets of GCC countries. Political environment in the neighborhood area might effect on the foreign investments.

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest Essay -- essays research papers

Jeff Saccone 12/16 Per. 4 Cuckoo The value of experience plays a major role in the poem The Waking by, Roethke and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by, Kesey. Both portray a similar message, which seems to suggest that in life you must learn to live by gaining different experiences, which contribute to making you the person that you are. The quote â€Å"I learn by going where I go† from The Waking would be the same philosophy that Mc Murphy used in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest to teach the ward members how to live on their own and gain a sense of individuality. You can not shy away from things or go through life doing the same things over and over again or you become a machine incapable of making your own decisions. In The Waking the author tells of how you must ask questions about things you don’t know and you must learn things by actually venturing into the unknown to gain new knowledge. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Mc Murphy tries to make the patients believe in themselves and not have to go by the strict rules of the nurse. By allowing them to learn to help themselves he in a sense opens each inmate to a new world in which they can succeed and therefore they do not need to be sheltered from society. He tries to let them gain new experiences and even if they are not successful ones they still learn something and gain confidence and individuality. In The Waking the poem can be compared to an a patient in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest before Mc Murphy got a chance t...

Music, Ethos and Pathos :: Music Bands

Music, Ethos and Pathos Ethos: The credibility of Anti-Flag, as of right now, is growing enormously. All the other punk bands look to these guys and marvel at how much they are defending their beliefs. For example, a person is watching his or her favorite band play and he or she begins to talk of how great Anti-Flag is. Immediately one could pick up on that and want to get to know more about Anti-Flag. It is a chain reaction of learning about other bands through bands that he or she already knows. If Anti-Flag are respected by bands that were the original punk-rockers such as Bad Religion, NOFX, and The Clash, then they will be admitted into the fan base of such bands. As long as a band can get a well known band to show favor, the band will be more accepted by the fan-base community. This is ironic because the band does not have to make good music as long as a respected band likes them. Pathos: The emotions that are really being played on the most are anger. People have so much anger when they can not understand the world or what is going on in it. The audience becomes furious to all the killing and death in the world and they need someone there to sympathize with them. Anti-Flag gets the listener angry by exposing the faults of the world. The listener appreciates this because Anti-Flag will not sell into the wrongs of the world. It uses the emotion of finding comfort in that there is someone else out there that has the same views as the listener does. The band uses punk rock music as a common ground with the listeners and expresses their views through their songs. This relates back to the author because this is a great way to protest through music.